There are many rules to follow in stone masonry. The first one is to follow the correct dimensions for joints and spacing. Also, avoid using more than two similar-sized stones on one layer. When lining up stones in a pattern, you should make sure that the ridges do not touch one another, except at corners. Lastly, you should try to maintain the level of the wall, and fill any gaps between stones with chinking. Chinking is a technique that involves driving narrow stones into spaces between stones, thus locking them in place and preventing the wall from crumbling.
The stone must be carefully prepared for laying down and should be thoroughly wetted to prevent it from cracking. After that, a thin layer of mortar should be spread evenly over the stone bed. After that, the stone is leveled with a wooden mallet or pinch bar. Ideally, the mortar joint between stone pieces should be two inches thick.
Ashlar-facing masonry differs from other types of stone masonry in that it is a combination of two types. It is a type of intermediate masonry and is used with concrete block or brick masonry as backing. Its exposed faces are chamfered and chiseled at a 45-degree angle, which creates a groove. These stone blocks are hammer dressed, and their joints are not as perfectly straight as those used in ashlar masonry.
Another type of stone masonry is polygonal rubble masonry. This style is commonly associated with Central American civilizations. It has the advantage of retaining the arch shape, which is prized for its tensile strength. This method is durable and resistant to damage. If you are going to use stone masonry to build a new home or commercial structure, consider using this technique.
The main element in argillaceous stone is alumina. If this stone is exposed to oxygen, it will begin to break down and form clay-like compounds. These compounds can be combined with other stones, and slate is a type of petrified clay. Brick, in contrast, is a type of artificial argillaceous stone.
Another important point to consider is the consistency of mortar joints. The mortar must be the same hardness throughout the project. Usually, a mortar joint is about half an inch wide. However, it can vary a considerable amount. This can cause a white appearance in the mortar joints. Even when you have a uniform color throughout, you should check the joints after the work is done.
Another type of stone masonry is known as square rubble masonry. This is the most basic and cheapest type of masonry and the most versatile. A variety of stones are used in this style. Large stones are often used to reinforce jambs and corners.